The Partiality Of Wholeness :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Religious people believe in the existence of a supreme being. It has many attributes but two of the most striking are that it seems to both encompass and to pervade everything. Judaic sources are in the habit of saying that we all have a "share of the upper divine soul". Put more formally, we can say that we are both part of a Whole and permeated by it. But what are the relationships between the parts and the Whole? They could be either formal (a word in a sentence, for instance) or physical (a neurone in our brain, for instance). A formal relationship entails an impairment of the truth value of a sentence / proposition / theorem / syllogism with the removal of one or more of its parts. As a result, a part could be reconstructed to fit into an impaired Whole once the formal relationships (and the derivative truth value) are known. Things are pretty much the same in the physical realm: the removal of the part renders the Whole - NOT Whole (in the functional sense, in the structural sense, or in both senses). A part is immediately discernible: it is always smaller (size, mass, weight) than the Whole and it always possesses the potential to contribute to the functioning / role of the Whole. The part need not be active to qualify as a part - yet, it requires the potential to be active to do so. In other words : the Whole is defined by its parts - their sum, their synergy, their structure, their functions. Even where epiphenomena occur - it is inconceivable to deal with them without resorting to some discussion of the parts in their relationships with the Whole. But the parts are also defined by their context, by the Whole. It is by observing their place in the hyperstructure, interactions with other parts and general function of the Whole that we can assign the title ("parts") to them. There are no parts without a Whole. In this sense, it seems that parts and Wholes are nothing but language conventions, a way that we chose to describe the world that was compatible with our evolutionary and survival goals and with our sensory input. If this is so, then, being defined by each other, parts and Wholes are inefficient, cyclical, recursive, in short: tautological modes of relating to the world.

Brand and Dairy Milk

The story of Cadbury Dairy Milk started way back in 1905 at Bournville, U. K. , but the journey with chocolate lovers in India began in 1948. Currently Cadbury India operates in five categories, which are Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy, Gum and Snacks category. In the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, Éclairs, Celebrations, Temptations and Gems. Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70% – the highest Cadbury brand share in the world!Their flagship brand Cadbury Dairy Milk is considered the â€Å"gold standard† for chocolates in India. The pure taste of CDM defines the chocolate taste for the Indian consumer. Earlier Cadbury Dairy Milk had positioned itself as a chocolate for kids . Later it was repositioned as a chocolate meant for all age groups emphasizing on the children hidden in us. The model that we have used is Customer Based Brand Equity Model and with the help of this model we have analyzed that how Cadbury Dairy milk has evolved since years and its perception has changed in the minds of consumer overtime.Cadbury Dairy Milk has done this perception evolving process with the help of aggressive advertising and they have been very successful in achieving their target.COMPANY OVERVIEW HISTORY (CADBURY)In 1824, John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham. This one-man business, trading mainly in Tea & Coffee was to be the foundation of Cadbury Limited. For over 100 years Cadbury was a family business. In 1943 non family directors were appointed. In 1847, the enterprise had prospered to a large factory in Bridge Street, Birmingham. John Cadbury took his brother Benjamin into partnership and the family business became Cadbury Brothers Birmingham.The business moved to Bourneville after outgrowing the Bridge Street Factory. The Workforce had risen up to 200 after 32 years at Bridge Street. After the death of two brothers in 1899, the company was privatized. It entered the era of scientific management; it introduced new ideas for their department like: Advertisement & Cost Analytical Laboratories Sales Department Offices Education & Training for Works Committee Medical Department employees On 2nd February, Kraft Foods took over 71% shares of Cadbury. They acquired it totally. But still Cadbury was on top in the market.This acquisition did not changed people’s mind and their craze for Cadbury Dairy Milk. Cadbury began its operation in 1948 by importing chocolates and then re-packing them before distributing it in the Indian market. After 62 years, it is having five companies at Thane, Induri (Pune), Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore, Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales offices in (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai). The corporate office is in Mumbai. The company’s main purpose is â€Å"Working together to create brands people love† capture the spirit of wh at we are trying to achieve as a business.We collaborate and work as team to convert products into brand. Simply, â€Å"we spread happiness†! Currently Cadbury India operates in three sectors viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks and in the Candy category. In the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, Éclairs and Celebrations. Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70% – the highest Cadbury brand share in the world! Cadbury is the â€Å"gold standard† for chocolates in India.The pure taste of CDM defines the chocolate taste for the Indian consumer. In the Milk Food drinks segment our main product is Bourn vita – the leading Malted Food Drink (MFD) in the country. Similarly in the medicated candy category Halls is the undisputed leader. The Cadbury India Brand Strategy has received consistent support through simple but imaginative extensions to product categories and distribution. A good example of this is the development of Bytes. Crispy wafers filled with coca cream in the form of a bagged snack, Bytes is positioned as â€Å"The new concept of sweet snacking†.It delivers the taste of chocolate in the form of a light snack, and thus heralds the entry of Cadbury India into the growing bagged Snack Market, which has been dominated until now by Salted Bagged Snack Brands. Byte was first launched in South India in 2003. Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over two decades, we have worked with the Kerala Agriculture University to undertake cocoa research and released clones, hybrids that improve the cocoa yield. Our Cocoa team visits farmers and advises them on the cultivation aspects from planting to harvesting.We also conduct farmers meetings & seminars to educate them on Cocoa cultivation aspects. Our efforts have increased cocoa productiv ity and touched the lives of thousands of farmers. Cadbury Milestones The Cadbury story is a fascinating study of industrial and social developments. From a one man business in 1824, Cadbury has grown to be one of the world's largest producers of chocolate. A small family business developed into an international company and the high standards of the Cadbury brothers were combined with the most sophisticated technology, skills and innovation.VisionThe governing objective for Cadbury India is to deliver Superior Shareholder value.Cadbury in every pocket.Sustain growth of Cadbury’s market through aggressive product development.Focusing on cost competitiveness & productivity in operations and innovative utilization of assets.Investing to develop people.Missionâ€Å"To provide customers with a tempting and exquisite taste† as enticing treats means a mouth watering treat which is simply irresistible.â€Å"Cadbury means quality† this is the promise of Cadbury. Its repu tation is to built upon quality.Its commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that promise.CADBURY PRODUCTSChocolateCadbury Dairy MilkCadbury CelebrationsBournville5 StarPerkGemsTobleroneBRAND ELEMENTSDairy Milk has been meticulously built around the world by Cadbury. It has been able to sustain a strong position in the market. There are many branding elements which have resulted into consistent result of its success. In India and across the world, the only chocolate wrapped in Purple with the logo of Cadbury written on it. Color of all other products of Cadbury like Gems which is so colorful.Packaging which introduces slight of milk splash shows the relation of milk with Cadbury. Insignia Logo which comes on the packaging in bold vintage Dairy font in white which also shows the relation of milk with the product. Logo Not only the above three, But there are many more elements due to which the consistent Branding of Dairy Milk is so very popular. Its different Advertisements, its punch lines etc†¦ It has always kept a strong association with Milk, with slogans such as â€Å"a glass and half of full cream milk in every half pound. And also advertisement which featured a glass of milk pouring out and forming the Dairy Milk bar.Also the ad campaigns are also the important element of Dairy Milk. It made chocolate an eating habit among the consumers, especially the adults. Long back it was a belief that chocolate is only for kids. But Dairy Milk changed this belief. Also they changed the trend of Sweets (Mithai) during the occasions like Diwali, New Year etc†¦ Dairy Milk brought a new trend that whether any occasion, Dairy Milk is best for all. Tolani It also gave some famous dialogues from the ads which people remember always.They were also the core brand elements of Dairy Milk. Let us see them below:The Real Taste of Life- A girl Dancing on Cricket FieldKhane walo ko Khane ka Bahana ChahiyeKuch Meetha Ho JayePappu Paas ho GayaAaj Pehli Tareekh Ha iShubh AarambhAll these above dialogues were form the very famous and popular ad’s of Dairy Milk. By this ad they wanted to covey to the people that for eating Dairy Milk they do not haveto wait for any occasion. They can just have it. Whether they are happy or Sad, But Dairy Milk can be taken in any of the mood.BRAND PORTFOLIOWorldwide In June 1905, Cadbury launched its first Dairy Milk bar, with a higher proportion of milk and it became the best selling product of the company by 1913. Fruit and Nut was introduced in 1928. In 2003, Cadbury made Dairy Milk into a family brand by taking the brands like Caramel, Whole Nut, and Wispa and marketed them as the sub-brands of Dairy Milk. By2006, there were 15 Dairy Milk sub-brands produced in UK including Shortcake Biscuit, Wafer, Orange Chips, Mint Chips, Crispies and Cream Egg. In following two years these brands were discontinued as they were not successful.Indian Market The Dairy Milk Brand alone accounts for approximately 33% o f total Cadbury’s sales. It has made Cadbury the number one confectionery brand in the market. Currently in India, Dairy Milk has following sub-brands under its name.BRAND POSITIONING AND REPOSITIONINGCadbury Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the chocolate category for years and has participated and been a part of every Indian's moments of happiness, joy and celebration. Today, Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indian chocolate market. In the early 90's, chocolates were seen as ‘meant for kids', usually a reward or a bribe for children.In the Mid 90's the category was re-defined by the very popular `Real Taste of Life' campaign, shifting the focus from `just for kids' to the `kid in all of us'. It appealed to the child in every adult and Cadbury Dairy Milk became the perfect expression of ‘spontaneity' and ‘shared good feelings'. The ‘Real Taste of Life' campaign had many memorable executions, which people still fondly rememb er. However, the one with the â€Å"girl dancing on the cricket field† has remained etched in everyone's memory, as the most spontaneous & uninhibited expression of happiness.This campaign went on to be awarded ‘The Campaign of the Century', in India at the Abby (Ad Club, Mumbai) awards. In the late 90's, to further expand the category, the focus shifted towards widening chocolate consumption amongst the masses, through the ‘Khanewalon Ko Khane Ka Bahana Chahiye' campaign. This campaign built social acceptance for chocolate consumption amongst adults, by showcasing collective and shared moments. More recently, the ‘Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye' campaign associated Cadbury Dairy Milk with celebratory occasions and the phrase â€Å"Pappu Pass Ho Gaya† became part of street language.It has been adopted by consumers and today is used extensively to express joy in a moment of achievement and success. The interactive campaign for â€Å"Pappu Pass Ho Gaya† ba gged a Bronze Lion at the prestigious Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for ‘Best use of internet and new media'. The idea involved a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service and allowed students to check their exam results using their mobile service and encouraged those who passed their examinations to celebrate with Cadbury Dairy Milk.The ‘Pappu Pass Ho Gaya' campaign also went on to win Silver for The Best Integrated Marketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006 (global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards.SOME INTERESTING FACTSCadbury Dairy Milk emerged as the No. 1 most trusted brand in Mumbai for the 2005 edition of Brand Equity's Most Trusted Brands survey. Cadbury Dairy Milk & Bournvita have been declared a â€Å"Consumer Superbrand† for 2006-7 by Superbrands India. During the First World War, Cadbury Dairy Milk supported the war effort.Over 2,000 male employees joined the armed forces and Cadbury sent bo oks, warm clothes and chocolates to the front.CHANGING PERCEPTIONDairy Milk has regular users. They do not have any particular occasion. They just have it. Children and youngsters play an important role Decision Roles in deciding when to have dairy milk. And now old age people also are slowly are in decision making. Dairy Milk has changed the scenario of having Occasions sweet sometimes. They say have it anytime including Diwali, Raksha bandhan, Weddings Dairy Milk have absolute loylaty status.Loyalty Status As we know that Dairy Milk is the only Brand who is the only one to promote chocolate as an important part of Festivals as well as it changed the mind sets of the people that chocolate is not only for kids but for all. The strategy to target adults was taken further with the help of a brand new positioning â€Å"Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye†. For Indians occasions and festivals have utmost importance and Dairy Milk rigorously focused on this point and set a new trend of having Dai ry Milk in place of â€Å"Mithai† during the occasions.CHANGING PERCEPTION OVERTIME THROUGH ADVERTISEMENTCadbury is a brand that all of us have literally grown up with. Though it has been immensely successful in its operations in the USA, UK, Australia, etc. from the 1800s, it entered the Indian market only in 1948. Since then, it has used a variety of strategies and a string of ad campaigns to reach out to the Indian consumer. Initially, Cadbury ads targeted children – they showed a loving father bringing chocolates home for the children as a surprise. The ads were formulated keeping in mind the Indian society then, where the children didn’t have money with themselves to buy sweets and chocolates.With this, Cadbury was able to capture a substantial part of its target segment – the kids. Next, it launched its famous ad where a teenage girl watches her friend play cricket and jumps into the cricket field, eating a Cadbury chocolate as soon as he hits a cen tury. Another advertisement showed a prospective bride with mehndi on her hands, prying open the wrapping of Cadbury chocolate with her elbows. It showed that teenagers too can enjoy the Cadbury chocolate. Girl in the cricket field Mehndi Next came the much talked about ad featuring Cyrus Broacha. It showed people from all age groups – a housewife in her 40s, a couple well into their 60s, and a teenager – enjoying the chocolate as Cyrus sang in the background â€Å"Khaane walon ko khaane ka bahaana chahiye†. In this way, Cadbury created inroads into all possible age groups. Post this, Cadbury changed its strategy. Having tapped all age-groups, it wanted to project Cadbury chocolates as a meetha – thereby trying to eat into the market of traditional Indian sweets.Advertisements were doled out showing Cadbury chocolate being enjoyed at every possible instance- before a good task (Shubh kaam ke aarambh se pehle), after dinner (Khaane ke baad meethe mein k ya hai), on payday (Khush hai zamaana aaj pehli taariq hai), after passing exams (Pappu pass ho gaya) or while just having a good day (Main khush hun aaj khamakha). Apart from this, Cadbury always comes out with special advertisements before important festivals like Diwali (toh iss Diwali aap kise khush karenge) and Rakshabandhan (Cadbury Celebrations- Pyar ka shagun).Cadbury was projected as the chocolate to eat on important as well as happy occasions. Kuch meetha ho jaaye Shubh Aarambh Khaane ke baad Khush hai zamana Pappu pass ho gaya Main khush hun Diwali Rakshabandhan It is because of such intelligent and innovative marketing strategies that Cadbury is the most successful chocolate brand in the India. Even now it posts a revenue growth of 30% annually, which is amazing.COMMUNICATION STRATEGYCadbury was the one having 70 % market shares in chocolate industry. Out of which 30% was the Dairy Milk alone. This is because of constant re-invention of the brand & bombarding comm unication towards the consumers consistently to maintain the top position in mind recall in confectionery segment.Dairy Milk was awarded as No. 1most trusted brand in Mumbai 2005 for the edition of Brand Equity’s most trusted Brand Survey. Dairy Milk targeted all the aspects as possible to get into the heart of all the people, ofall age groups. For this they communicated with people through different Ad’s &Campaigns. Let us see few of them below: Khane walo KO Khane ka Bahana Chahiye Pappu Paas Ho Gaya Shubh Aarambh was one of successful campaigns of Dairy Milk. This means Auspicious Beginning. With this campaign they said that for whatever you start, start it with Dairy Milk and it will be successful.For this they chose the best to advertise: Amitabh Bacchhan.TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATIONDairy Milk used different media options to communicate different campaigns and promote Dairy milk. They are: Outdoor Television Radio Internet TV Advertisements is the most popular method f or Dairy Milk to show their new campaigns to people so that they can more and more relate it with their personal lives. They also have ground promotions in different malls. They arrange some contests also to promote their brand.DISTRIBUTION STRATEGYAs we know that Dairy Milk holds 30% value share of chocolate market. The demand of chocolate is increasing day by day. And Dairy Milk is no. 1 in that race. Indian market &specifically where the penetration of chocolates is increasing, brings a need for efficiencyin logistics and distribution. There is stiff competition in the confectionery market due to large exposure of foreign currency rate risk, mainly on account of import of cocoa beans, cocoa butter. Cadbury Dairy Milk is easily available anywhere in the market. Cadbury’ success of proper distribution is their efficiency.PRICING STRATEGYDairy Milk is positioned towards age group of 4-50, and thus the price is accordingly kept affordable. Also it is easily accessible to all c ategories. Price range starts from Rs. 5to Rs. 20 in different sizes. Cadbury Dairy Milk fruit and nut starts from Rs. 30. Dairy Milk Silk is a premium brand and thus the price of it is little higher that is Rs. 50.MARKET SHARECadbury Dairy Milk has launched some very creative advertisements in India over the years. More than innovative, the ads have been very relevant to the Indian ethos.The ‘shubh aarambh’ ads which captured the Indian tradition of having something sweet before an important occasion or ‘kuch meetha ho jaye’ which associated Cadbury Dairy Milk with celebratory occasions. Recently, Cadbury Dairy Milk has been airing the ‘meethe mein kuch meetha ho jaye’ campaigns which have found a lot of favour with the audience. The ads, in typical Cadbury style, are very heartwarming and creative. If we look through the years, we can clearly see that Cadbury is doing everything possible to maintain a strong hold on the Indian chocolate marke t.While it remains a dominant leader with over 70% of the market share, this has eroded over the years as competitors like Nestle, Amul and CAMPCO have made strong forays. There was a time before and during the early 90s when Cadbury’s enjoyed an even higher market share. This was the time when chocolates were very clearly positioned for children. However, with the entry of global giant Nestle, two things happened. Firstly, there was a sudden spurt of competition for Cadbury. But more importantly, the market began to grow at a faster pace.Cadbury seized this opportunity and started creating advertisements that were targeted towards the ‘kids in all of us’. This was a very smart move as they already had the children’s segment all tied up. Moreover, the children of the 90s have now grown up, and Cadbury still offers them reasons to eat Dairy Milk. Hence, while their market share has eroded by a few points, Cadbury has significantly improved its revenues in a bsolute terms by evolving a long term advertising plan and one that is very relevant to the Indian context.With predominantly Indian themes, special moments (remember the girl dancing on the cricket field) and soulful music, Cadbury has really managed to connect with the audience. The recent ‘meethe mein kuch meetha ho jaye’ campaign is simply a continuation of this strategy to expand the market. In conclusion, Cadbury Dairy Milk has managed to take a simple chocolate bar and create numerous associations with it over the years. It has built up different audiences over the years, and to every audience it offers a different meaning but one that is very relevant.COMPETITOR’S ANALYSISIn Indian Market, the main players in the confectionery market are Cadbury, Nestle, Candico, ITC and Parle. Let us see the competitors of Cadbury Dairy Milk in detail below Company Founded in Brand Portfolio Kraft Foods 1903 Cadbury Dairy Milk & Variants, Éclairs, Bourn vita etc†¦Nestle 1860 Kitkat, Smarties Ferrero 1940 Rocher, Raffaelo, Nutella Amul 1945 Milk Chocolate, Fruit and Nut chocolate Candico 1997 Loco Poco Gum, Big Bubble ITC 2002(Confectionery Minto and Candy man Segment)Parle 1929 Melody, Mango Bite, Poppins, Kismi, Orange Candy.POINT OF PARITY (POP) & POINT OF DIFFERENCE (POD)POPs PODs Point of Parity Point of Difference Attributes or benefits Attributes which are which are strongly not unique but associate with somewhat same as competitive brand. compared to other They make the brand brands. something different from the other.POP’s & POD’s OF CADBURY DAIRY MILKPoint of Parity Point of Difference Chocolate manufacturing Legacy GoodwillVariants such as Fruit & Nut, Dark Emotional connect with customers Chocolate Constant innovation in ads Generic name in Indian chocolate market Good quality products Campaigns targeting from kids to adults Association with milk Excellent distribution systems 2 Layer packaging Dairy Milk is the on ly one chocolate which says that in occasions also it can be used as sweet.BRAND EXPLORATORYCustomer Knowledge Cadbury dairy Milk has been trying to get out of the image of† Just another chocolate† and become something special in the minds of the people.They have also been trying to position themselves as chocolates for all age groups and not just kids. The campaign has successfully created a picture in the mind of the customers that Cadbury is not just a chocolate but means of celebrations. Sources of Brand Equity There are two main sources of Brand Equity and they are: Brand Brand Image Awareness It is customers ability to It is consumers identify under different perception about the situations. brand. Brnad Image has three Two things form Brand main pillars: How Awareness: Brand strong it is, Is it Recognition and Brand Favourable and what Recall are the unique brand associations.BRAND AMBASSADORSAs we know that previously Dairy Milk was only considered as Chocolate, but their new campaign has changed this perception of consumers. As discussed above now Dairy Milk is considered as Traditional sweet of Indian culture(Mithai) which people give to their near and dear ones on the occasions and now they use Dairy Milk as sweet (Mithai). Brand Ambassador chosen for Dairy Milk is none other than Megastar Amitabh Bacchhan. He endorsed the brand so successfully that everyone loved the brand much more than they did.The endorsement has successfully captured the Indian festivals like Raksha bandhan, Diwali, Wedding, Birthdays etc†¦ Now people give Dairy Milk as token of love, care and affection to their friends and family.BRAND MANTRA OF DAIRY MILKDairy Milk also enjoys a great – Brand Recall value when comes to chocolates with Milk. Dairy Milk has huge command over – its distribution network spanning across India. Certain segment feel that price of innovations with crafted Dairy Milk is high and compared to communication campaign that Am ul Milk chocolate is preferred.It offers quality product with Dairy Milk is somewhat lacking in establish a clear and consistent other emerging markets. It has Brand Image over the years. Strong command over its brand image in India and Europe But other places it is lacking. Dairy Milk has been able to the recent acquisition of Cadbury which is a globally established by Kraft Foods may result in brand name known for its somewhat negative effect on the manufacturing competency and brand.CUSTOMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY PYRAMIDRationale of CBBE model:Basic premise: The power of a brand resides in the minds of the customers. The challenge is to ensure that the customers have the right kind of experiences with the products and services and their marketing program to create the right brand knowledge structures i. e. Thoughts Feelings Images Perception & Attitudes Building a strong brand involves a series of steps as part of a â€Å"branding ladder†. It is characterized by a logically c onstructed set of brand â€Å"building blocks†. We need to identify the areas of strength and weakness and to provide guidance to marketing activities.BRAND SALIENCEBrand Salience measures awareness of the brand, how often and how easily the brand is evoked under various situations or circumstances. It is the same as brand identity i. e. Who are you?DEPTH OF AWARENESSIt measures how likely it is for a brand element to come in mind i. e. ease of recognition and the ease with which it does so i. e. recall value. The Cadbury brand is associated with best tasting chocolate which includes from everything from solid blocks to chocolate filled bars and novelties. For many people , chocolate is Cadbury and no other brand will do.The core values of quality, taste and emotion supports the Cadbury brand. Consumers know that they can trust a chocolate bar that carries Cadbury branding. The swirling chocolate and „glass and a half? are powerful images. They both portray a desire for chocolate while the half full glass suggest core values of goodness and quality. The brand has been successful in establishing the link, in the mind of the consumer ,that Cadbury equals chocolate.BREADTH OF AWARENESSIt measures the range of purchase and usage situations in which the brand element comes to mind.Branded products command premium prices. Consumers are willing to pay the premium if they believe that the brand offers levels of quality and satisfaction that competing brands do not. Now Dairy Milk comes in Rs. 5 The campaigns of „Pappu pass ho gaya? and „Miss Palampur? aim to popularize Dairy Milk connecting it to various usage situations. Three consumer segments of „impulse? , „take home? and „gift? has been identified. Impulse purchases are usually products bought for immediate consumption. Take Home confectionary is generally bought in supermarket and is often driven by specific need.The specific need or usage can be an occasion. The consum ers make more rational decisions like brand influence, price/value relationship. These areas are further subdivided for e. g. the gift sector comprises special occasions (B?days or festivals) and token or spontaneous gift.BRAND PERFORMANCEIt describes how well the product meets customers? more functional needs. It transcends the product?s ingredients and features to include dimensions that differentiate the brand. The Cadbury brand name has been existence since 1824 when John Cadbury opened his shop in Birmingham, England.Over the years it has survived in a highly competitive market and developed its competitive advantage. It is successful in communicating the customers that it is still the ultimate in chocolate pleasure. It has shown the consistency in performance. The strength of the umbrella brand supports the brand value of each chocolate bar, thus implying how reliable the brand is. Cadbury’s packaging on the functional level, the pack was structurally sound to protect t he product quality in distribution and storage conditions, thus the consumers can acknowledge the durability of the product.The economic life of the product was mentioned in the product as per the respective food regulatory body. Cadbury’s world famous packaging is comprised of four key elements:1. Distinctive packaging design.2. The Cadbury corporate purple color.3. The glass and a half full of full cream milk logo.4. The Cadbury script logo.These elements convey to consumers the memorability, distinctiveness and high quality of Cadbury products. The attractiveness of packaging alone can be instrumental in stimulating a purchase specially impulse buyers.The brand also comes in various attractive packages for different occasion like „Diwali?, „Raksha Bandhan?, „Christmas? etc.BRAND IMAGERYIt depends on the extrinsic properties of the product including the ways in which the brand attempts to meet customer?s psychological or social needs. The intangible associ ation to Cadbury includes family experiences, childhood memories. The product could be bought from supermarket on the insistence of the child to its parents or from department store or specialty store through impulse buying or for little pleasures.The Cadbury as a person is able to create a feeling of warmth, the togetherness of family & friends on special occasions, to hold those relationships in life which are of prime importance and to savor the sweet success of winning. The core values of quality, taste and emotion are the pillars of the brand. The milk pouring on the chocolate bar, the icon represents the unique production process in Cadbury?s Dairy Milk chocolate which uses a glass and a half of full cream Irish milk in every half-pound, hence the unique taste of the chocolate.It serves to identify the product, its contents and the manufacturer. The heritage that has been passed down from the past.BRAND JUDGMENTSThese are customer’s personal opinions about and evaluatio ns of the brand, which consumers form by putting together all the different brand performance and imagery associations. Brand Quality: Consumers trust the brand because there is certain level of quality attached to it. The people buy chocolates during the auspicious occasion as a token of their love tells the level of trust that the people have.Brand Credibility: The brands like Five Star, Perk derive benefit from the Cadbury parentage including quality and taste credentials. The flagship chocolate brand, Cadbury Dairy Milk which is over 100 years old, is the third largest largest chocolate brand globally with retail sales of $2 billion. Its revenue grew by 5% in the year 2007 and by further 9% in the first half. Brand Consideration: The brand has been considered for possible purchase and use not only as a chocolate but it has become a substitute for sweet. The punchline „Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye? justifies this.The campaign has been highly successful with the brand endorsement of Amitabh Bachchan and consumers buy it for occasions like â€Å"Diwali† and â€Å"Raksha Bandhan† Brand Superiority: The unique taste of chocolate which comes in a pure form.BRAND FEELINGSThese are customers? special responses and reactions to the brand. The feelings that are evoked by the marketing program or by other means. Warmth The brand evokes a soothing type of feeling. As the chocolate melts inside our mouths, a similar soothing effect is felt inside our hearts.The commercial for the cricket match shows how sweet success of winning can be savored by the sweet taste of Cadbury. It also depicts fun and excitement. Passion It is reflected in the impulse buying nature of consumers. The commercial featuring a girl with „mehndi? put on her palms has a strong desire to have chocolates and she is adamant to have it. Bond of love & relationships The brand provides the consumers with an opportunity to express their love to their family and friends. It is a time to c elebrate and have few precious moments of togetherness.Enthusiasm The cricket match commercial also reflects the fun & the excitement. The brand makes the consumers feel excited.BRAND RESONANCEIt describes the nature of this relationship and the extent to which customers feel that they are â€Å"in sync† with the brand. It is characterized in terms of intensity, or the depth of psychological bond that customers have with the brand, also the level of activity engendered by this loyalty ( repeat purchase rates and extent to which customers seek out brand information). Attitudinal attachmentThe level of attachment can be judged by the fact that the consumers feel that is a perfect gift for special occasions. It could be used to express their token of love. The â€Å"little pleasures† that can be derived from the moments of family get-together. The moment consumers think about celebration they think about the brand. Sense of community The consumers feel a kinship or affili ation with other people associated with the brand. The commercial in which BigB and his childhood friend exchange their gifts they feel how much their choices resemble and automatically a feeling of kinship is developed.The sense of belongingness to that particular brand is generated. Behavioral loyalty The repeat purchases on various occasion be it Diwali, Christmas or to express their love or vote of thanks, only this brand comes to the consumers mind. This is the level of loyalty that the Cadbury brand shares with it consumers.RECOMMENDATIONSMaintain dominance in chocolate segment.Many new players are trying to enter Indian market so it should formulate new strategies so as not to lose market share.New channels such as gifting, child connectivity and value for money offering to be the key growth drives. Grow volume sales at least 20% p. a. over the next years.One new major product launch every year.FDI will bring in many new products and competitors so Cadbury will have to mainta in there strong market distribution channel so as not to lose market share.They need to maintain high standards and should be careful that there product remains sterile. And is not effected by insects.They should change packaging of Dairy Milk. Conclusion Will lose market share with globalization (a la Maruti) but will remain brand leader.Pest Analysis P: since the budget range is decontrolled, no political effects are envisaged.E:1) increasing per capita income resulting in higher Disposable income2) Growing middle class/urban population – increase in Demand3) Low cost of production – better penetrationS:1) Per capita consumption expected to increase – fashion2) Increasing gifts culture – increase in demand3) Lower cholesterol than â€Å"mithais† (sweet meat) – Substitute demandT: Will have to reinforce technology to international levels once India is a â€Å"free† economy .

Karl Marx And Adam Smith Essay - 1639 Words

Presence of the Theories of Karl Marx Adam Smith Within the Canadian Economy Written by: Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Research: Ryan Salehi, Zack Izzeddin, David Moffett, Cameron Bernardo, Harrison Toms, Taha Mahmood, Anthony Alexiou, Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Canada’s economy is one that exhibits a multitude of characteristics that adhere to the capitalist and socialist constructs of a mixed system. In order to clearly define and analyze the current economic system of the country, one would have to establish a relationship between its economy as well as the ideas, theories, and models of prominent economists from the past. Both Adam Smith and Karl Marx conceptualized contrasting schools of thought regarding the methods in which an economy should be run — Smith emphasized the independence of businesses whereas Marx strived to eliminate class conflict. However, the principles of Marxism certainly satisfy the criteria of Canada’s economy through its regulations, public sector, and market intervention. This widespread manifestation of Marxism within the Canadian economy accurately represents the country’s economic position. Market regulation is a microcosm of normative economics, both in value and judgement. The primary purpose in a regulated market is ensuring fair services to customers and labourers. This lays parallel to Marx’s criticism of capitalist businessmen and their lack of enforcement, which starkly contrastsShow MoreRelatedAdam Smith And Karl Marx1055 Words   |  5 PagesDerek Ding Economy Ms. Walsh Period D Adam Smith and Karl Marx Adam Smith and Karl Marx are famous for their influential and prominent theories about economics. Two difference thoughts indeed are contributions that can change the world. In Adam Smith s â€Å"Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations†, he introduced an idea where producers work in ways they want and get paid by how much work they put in. In other words, they can set up prizes that they thinkRead MoreAdam Smith and Karl Marx1053 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Smith and Karl Marx both came from very different worlds, however they saw the world in similar ways. Both had thoughts derived from different views. Smith had a very capitalistic view on things, while Marx was socialist in many ways. They expressed their thoughts in ways that were surprisingly similar while other ideas were dissimilar. Ultimately socialism and capitalism can go hand in hand. One main idea that both works addressed was the productivity of work and the ability to accumulateRead MoreAd am Smith And Karl Marx1674 Words   |  7 PagesI. Adam Smith and Karl Marx Contemporary economics are best explained by comparing two foundational thinkers that have contributed to the better understanding of liberalism, one being its proponent Adam Smith and the other being its most significant critic, Karl Marx. Both thinkers are profoundly important in locating and investigating the roots of neoliberalism as well as exploring alternatives ways to challenge neoliberal economics in the face of its post-cold war expansion as the inevitable andRead MoreAdam Smith And Karl Marx973 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Smith and Karl Marx were two economic philosophers who each introduced revolutionary ideas concerning economic systems, and their effect upon social progress and prosperity. Smith proposed an economic system, known as capitalism, in which a laborer s wage is wholly relative to their contribution to increasing the means of production; productivity is capitalism s main objective, as it inevitably results in increased profit and revenue. Conversely, Marx prop osed an economic system, known asRead MoreAdam Smith And Karl Marx1924 Words   |  8 Pagesshould be achieved Latin America. Adam Smith and Karl Marx are examples of the main two views. Adam Smith, a Scottish Philosopher, was a critique of controlled markets and supported the idea that consumers should be able to engage in a free market in order to achieve overall self- profit. As a believer in capitalism, Smith also viewed private property and overall self- interest as positives. Implementing these ideas without the interference of the government, Smith believed, led to unlimited wealthRead MoreKarl Marx and Adam Smith Essays1386 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Adam Smith Karl Marx and Adam Smith wrote in the same time period – during the industrial revolution, where the bourgeois had risen to power by oppressing and exploiting the proletariat. The term bourgeois refers to the people in the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labor. The proletarians are the people in the class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their laborRead MoreAdam Smith and Karl Marx Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Smith, the father of economics, published The Wealth of Nations in 1776. Although it made little impact in its time, it conceptualised the economy in a radical new way: in terms of individual agents, acting out of self-interest. From an individualist perspective, he argued that people produced goods in order to make money, and made money in order to purchase goods they valued most. The exchange takes place in a market, where prices are set a ccording to costs and the demand for the good. ThisRead MoreAdam Smith and Karl Marx Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesAdam Smith and Karl Marx Modern political economic theory and philosophy can be greatly attributed to the works of two men who seemingly held polar opposite views on the subject. Adam Smith, a Scottish philosopher, published his most well known work An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776 and is most often associated with the ideas and principles of the political economic system known as Capitalism. At the other end of the spectrum is Karl Marx; the German philosopherRead MoreKarl Marx, Adam Smith, And Andrew Carnegie1350 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie The writings of Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie all made significant impacts in society not only in their time, but continuing to this day. Marx shared is opinions on capitalism and his views of the progression of human society in his writing, The Communist Manifesto which he wrote with Friedrich Engles and published in 1848. Marx believed in the idea of a society with no capitalism and the abolition of the bourgeoisie. Adam Smith wroteRead More Adam Smith v. Karl Marx Essay2236 Words   |  9 PagesAdam Smith v. Karl Marx Being reared in the typical capitalist community in the United States, it is much easier for me to relate to the thoughts of Adam Smith. This is not to say that I do not agree with some of the precepts of pure Communism, but like the old adage says, Communism looks good on paper, but in practice, it is completely ineffective. Historically, this form of government does not tend to succeed because of many factors. Some of these include basic economic differences, individualism

An Experience That Changed My Life Essay - 1058 Words

Introduction: In life we all have something that has changed the way we perceive things. Most things that change a person’s perception happens to be an experience that they have gone thru and learned from. In my case it wasn’t necessarily an experience, it was a dog that changed my perception on life. My mind and heart was opened in a whole new way. I never thought I could love an animal just as much as I loved the people in my life. I always thought it was strange that pet owners loved and treated their pets the same way they treated their children. My perception on dogs or pets in general definitely changed. Throughout this paper you will see why I am a totally different person because of a dog that entered my life. People say a man’s†¦show more content†¦The funniest thing is; she never turned to the left. She would always make circular movements to the left in a quick fashion. Seeing this made my so happy. I would find myself looking forward to it when I was parking the car in the driveway. Tacha was one greedy dog too, she knew that she was not allowed in the kitchen, but the second she thought someone wasn’t looking she would run in the kitchen and snatch whatever was left out on the counter. One time I remember ordering Pizza and the family was all in the dining room eating, and when my son went to grab another piece he noticed that the entire box was on the floor, and the pizza was gone. To our surprise Tacha ate all the pizza. My family would always find this funny, but there were plenty of nights when we couldn’t get seconds on dinner because it was in Tachas belly. Tacha was a smart dog, she was also aware that she was not allowed to get on any of the beds in the house. This didn’t stop her though. On several occasions one of us would walk in the house, and within 1 second we would hear a loud thump and Tacha running down the stairs. The loud thump was Tacha jumping off the bed. Times were not always so funny with Tacha, but I never loved her any less. One day Tacha was in the back yard getting some fresh air. I recall attaching her to the chain and going back in the house. About 1 hour later, the neighbor was banging on my front door screaming, â€Å"Come get your dog, come get your dog, she’s chasingShow MoreRelatedAn Experience that Changed My Life Essay744 Words   |  3 Pagesstriking those that have let me understand myself more deeply. When I first read the topic requested for this essay, I began thinking back upon the many recent intellectual challenges that have involved me. nbsp; A few experiences stood out. There was the philosophy and worldview retreat I attended in November that helped me understand the thought-forms of my culture. There was my literature tutorship, which has taught me not only about great books, but also about Western culture, philosophyRead MoreThe Little Seagull Handbook, By Richard Bullock868 Words   |  4 PagesMany students have struggled with writing essays for their English classes. They have difficulties due to many issues, the least of which is poor writing skills. Each person has their own area of writing which causes them the most trouble. If this lack of skill is not addressed, then a student can be certain that his or her grade will fall. Personally, I have the most difficulty with conclusions, transitions, and comma usage. To address these issues I conducted research and found three effectiveRead MoreMy Writing Experience1159 Words   |  5 Pageson our old essays or writing projects. If I look back, I can see how my writ ings improved, what and where my writing has changed and even find what hasn’t really changed. Of course over the years, my writing style has been modified and adjusted as I learned new things with different teachers. I’ve look back at old essays before, but now it’s time that I look back and really read through to see the history of my writing and how it differs from how I write in the present. Throughout my struggles withRead MoreThe Little Seagull Handbook, By Richard Bullock856 Words   |  4 PagesMany students have struggled with essays for their English class. They have difficulties due to many issues, the least of which are poor writing skills. Each person has their own area of writing which gives them the most trouble. If this lack of skill is not addressed then a student can be certain that his or her grade will fall. Personally, I have the most difficulty with conclusions, transitions, and comma usage. To address these issues I conducted research and found three effective sources; TheRead MoreMy Journey In My Writing : The Journey Of Writing1046 Words   |  5 Pagesis something I enjoy doing to share my opinions and ideas. During this english course, I have learned how to change my writing in ways that make it more intriguing and effective. The essays I have written during this English 101 course have pushed me to change my writing process and write more creatively. Those essays have also forced me to reanalyze my personal opinions and beliefs. After taking this course, I believe that my identity as a writer has changed for the better. The English 101 CompositionRead MoreA Leader Of My Writing1033 Words   |  5 PagesA Leader of My Writing As far as the connections are Greek life helped me understand different parts about my writing. Forcing myself out of my comfort zone, I learned to communicate better with other people and learned to have fun with others around me. My social life during high school is a complete 180 from what it is now. Greek life has aided me in realizing how my writing can be altered in a same fashion as my social life has matured. From Greek life, I met a variety people and had the opportunityRead MoreNarrative Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe Narrative Essay *What is a Narrative Essay? †¢ Narrative writing tells a story. In essays, the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the authors values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. †¢ The author may write about: -An experience or event from his or her past. -A recent or ongoing experience or event. Read MoreStarting College During High School Was Probably One Of1208 Words   |  5 PagesSome weaknesses I had before in my writing turned into strengths because of this class. 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Another technique, I learned was to make my essay better by including theRead MoreMy Letter For My Application For College Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesFor my rhetorical writing analysis I picked the essay I wrote for my Common Application for college, in my senior year of high school. Before writing it, our guidance counselors told you to pick a prompt that spoke to us. The prompt I picked (if I remember right) was to write about an event that changed your life forever. After thinking for a couple of day, I finally thought of what I was going to write about. In the beginning of writing, I had a hard time but if I had to write it again, I wouldn’t

Developmental Psychology Is A Important Step Into One s Life

Developmental psychology is a very important step into one’s life of how and what we are to become, which in return is nature. That is what exists in one’s parental genes that is passed on to our babies. Developmental is the stages that at a certain age as a child we develop milestones, which in increments is what the baby should be able to do on its own without help from the parents. Of course each baby’s don’t learn the same things at the same ages. One child might be late on teething, this doesn’t mean there is something wrong with this child. But, it does pay to be very cautious at how long and if ever the child is doing that milestone by that certain age. If indeed the child fails to associate with eye contact with the parents or strangers and doesn’t pick up on words by a certain age, this would be a sign of alarm for the parents. If a parent pays close attention to what the child is learning and doing or not doing this could make a big difference in treating the child for the condition. In this case would be Cerebral Palsy, lacking social development, a learning disability such as (ADD) or (ADHD). (Feist Rosenburg, 2012) Therefore, cognitive psychology is a science born in 1987 by H. Gardner. Cognitive is a metaphor for the human mind and the computer. The human mind and the computer seem to have a lot of the similar steps in common. Our minds stores, retrieves, process the memories and ideas as the computer stores information, retrieves the information andShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychology : Understanding And Theoretical Understanding1573 Words   |  7 Pages Developmental Psychology also can be thought as how a person develops though out their life. 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From determining a child s early attachment patterns, it can help further the child s behavior in later development, and the way the child will relate to others in her years to come. The acknowledgment of this simple fact has led many psychologists to create

Health Promotion and Policy on Healthy Eating - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Promotion and Policy on Healthy Eating. Answer: Health Promotion and Policy on Healthy Eating and Reduction of Obesity Health promotion is the practice of enabling people to improve and gain control over their health. The Ottawa charter conceptualizes activities for health promotion as developing ones personal skills, developing healthy public policies, reorienting healthcare services to go beyond providing curative and clinical services, creating environments that are supportive and in the future central elements of public promotion could be ecology, caring and holism (Povlsen and Borup 2011). These actions have to be made possible in schools, work places, homes and the community in general. These should be the case as health is build and lived in peoples everyday life settings; where they play, learn, love and work. In these settings, personal, environmental and organizational factors interrelate to affect peoples well being and health (Labstein et al., 2015). This settings are more than the physical locations and can be summarized as the product and medium of peoples social interactions, It puts e mphasize on the structural social and individual dimensions of health. Since 1980 obesity has doubled worldwide. The following is a health promotion on health eating and obesity reduction. Doing away with unhealthy soft drinks particularly in sports centers showed that it may lead to increase in healthier drinks sales. Often, food within recreation, sports and aquatic centres is poor in nutrition and sugar sweetened drinks are highly consumed. YMCA Victoria, the largest recreation and aquatic provider, set out a health promotion starting with their own settings to remove from its centres all full sugar soft drinks. They set out a policy to reduce consumption of unhealthy drinks without affecting the total returns from soft drinks sells. Health promotion impact can make real differences to communities and individual lives as well as the natural environment. It can also lead to health equity. Determinants of Health In this 21st century there are challenges which have impacts on health, they include: increasing urbanization, increasing disparities between the poor and the rich, digital communication, climate change and globalization. These challenges directly and indirectly affect health promotion. Factors such as genetics, our relationship with family and friends, state of our environment, where we live and our level of education impact on peoples health. However, access to health care services which are considered more often dont have a big impact on health (Jia and Lubetkin 2010). When a person is considered healthy, this complex mix of determinants are not seen, the healthy condition is what is seen. It is therefore just an iceberg tip. In health promotion the health iceberg is employed, its framework firstly identifies lifestyle and behavioral factors which impact on health and then the social factors which present the greatest impact. They also influence exposures, behaviors and opportunit ies that impact on health. Therefore to gain the desired health outcome this factors are the core, should be understood and changed to impact the outcome we desire. The problem is identified like in our case obesity reduction and healthy dietary eating then the contributing factors are identified. The lifestyle and behavioral factors that contribute to our problem, here consumption of sugar sweetened poor nutritional drinks during sports and recreation were the cause (Mechanick et al., 2013). Then the determinants are identified; environmental, social and economic that encouraged consumption of the poor dietary sugar sweetened soft drinks. Maybe it was just because they were available in the counters, thus eliminating them could be a start. In a wider scope, education, physical activity, food security, social exclusion connection, working conditions, unemployment employment are also considered. The YMCA organization has been able remove soft drinks from display and in return increased the availability of green and amber drinks all over their centers. According to the department of health and human services 2015, they have a clear vision of 10% or less of the fridge space to be filled with soft drinks, this was a success due to the multisectoral engagements in reducing the consumption of soft drinks. The YMCA Victorias Healthy Food and Beverage policy and its campaign (soft drinks free summer) created a milestone in realizing a healthy food environment for Children and adults. However this achievement gives a guideline on how we could ensure dietary eating and reduce obesity in the population. The success of these however was enabled by their management and executive teams dedication, support from health promotional staff and the engagement of suppliers to ensure they supported the policy and they could supply alternative drinks (Department of Health and Human services 2014) . The promotion is built heavily on building public policy, strengthening of community action, re orientation of services and creating supportive environments borrowed from Ottowa charter of health promotion. Health promotion against social determinants and Congruence with Kickbuschs determinants of health for 21st century Obesity and overweight and the resulting non communicable diseases can be prevented. Communities and support environments play an important role in the influencing peoples choices. Regular physical activities, and eating healthy foods are the choices that the environment and community should present as the easiest choice (these choices should be most affordable, accessible and available) thus preventing obesity and overweight. People at their individual levels can limit the amount of energy they consume from total sugars and fats, increase intake of vegetables and fruit as well as whole grains, legumes and nuts (Potvin and Jones 2011). They should also involve themselves in habitual physical activities for an average of 150 minutes in a week (spread out). Individual activities and responsibility to eat healthy and avoid obesity can yield maximum benefits if people access/adopt a healthy lifestyle. Its the societys responsibility to support individuals to achieve these goals. This can be done by implementation of population based and evidence based policies that avail, easily accessible, affordable healthy and sustained dietary choices and physical activities. This can also be achieved through increasing tax on sweetened beverages (Tong, Beaglehole and Byrne 2005). The food industry can play an important role in ensuring healthy diets through: reducing salt, fat and sugar content in the foods they process; availing nutritious and healthy choices at affordable prices to consumers; restricting marketing of sugary and fatty foods often aimed at teenagers and supporting habitual physical activity even in work places. According to professor Ilona Kickbusch, health promotion determinants include political; health has risen up in the rankings of political agenda in different countries, in global agreements policy developments and political legitimacy and ideology and aligning itself to the expectations of the countries citizens (Vitak et al., 2011). Health is of high emblematic nature and it is associated with individuals, markets, role of the state and overall common good, Social, commercial, environmental, behavioral and genetic factors. He further outlines that societies are radically changing due to globalization, urbanization, individualization, virtual connectedness, commercialization and demography (Keune et al., 2013). Therefore this gives rise to changes in inequality that results to change in health topics. In the 20th century health was just a political, social and national focus, today health focus is global, more political and more social due to the technological developments. The susta inability and development of economies and their growth requires a healthy population. Many economies are making huge investments in medical care and in health. These has made health/ medical care sector a major employer and a major business sector therefore its being affected by the economic crisis just like any other business (Kickbusch and Gleicher 2012). There is a requirement to position health within the society and government and define how different sectors affect health. Politically heath is determined through distribution of resources, money and power. Since health is the core of ideologies, market force and values, parliamentarians have to make decisions bearing in mind their consequences while NGOs act as watchdogs to ensure they value health. They need to build a link between sustainable agenda for development and health promotion since the best health choices double up to be the best choices for the universe and generally best environmental and ethical choices are good for health, foster equity and eliminate obesogenic environments. Health being a multidimensional thing, its quality is dependent on peoples participation in political processes, factors shaping their economic and personal security, social environments that they live in, activities of their everyday life and their health education. If this factors are handled correctly we will be able to reduce obesity, encourage health dietary promote health and general well being (Hasting, 2012). Environmental determinants, both macro and micro have over time become less conducive for people to do physical activities. Transportation trends have not encouraged physical activity to counter obesity; therefore there is a lot to be done so as to reverse attitudes riding bicycles and walking to work which is perceived as a low social status. On urban level settings, residential environments and neighborhoods have to be developed to accommodate cycling and walking friendly environments for residents. Housing policies ought to promote physical activity/exercise through improvement of residential areas conditions i.e. promote existence of green spaces in every residential area to encourage walking and cycling. In school settings and educational system as a whole, a variety of factors; long time spent by learners in their learning institutions and attachment of less importance to physical education drastically reduces physical activity leading to obesity (Durlak and Dupre 2008). Tradit ional sports that encouraged physical activity have reduced in the recent years paving way too many new sports and commercial options but all the groups of people may not have equal access to them. Moreover, sports compete with different leisure activities which have less physical activity. Most of these leisure activities are screen based. Technological changes have atomized many operations leading to less physical activity as people work in addition to the increased sedentary jobs. Employers determine their employees physical movements through the social cultural environment and policy. They can provide opportunities for physical activities in the job /work setting e.g. through fringe benefits and parking policies. Systems Approach Therefore, policies makers are presented with the opportunity formulate policies that make their work environment free of overweight and obesity triggers. The social cultural environment and policies they provide are significant determinants of employees physical activity as they spend most of their time working. Longtime investments and strategies are however needed to tap the full potential of the influence from supportive environments as a requirement in active living. This can lead to tangible gains to society and individuals with building of an excellent partnership between different concerned and related sectors in the building and putting in place policies. There is also need to develop more effective arguments and ways in order to be supported by these other sectors (Edelen, Mandle and Kudzma 2013). They need to be made aware of their role in promoting and facilitating physical activity to help curb overweight and obesity in the long run. For instance, tools can be formed to measure how the other sectors (other than the health sector) invest/contribute to physical activities. Opportunities can be provided through identification of goals shared by these sectors that can be adopted easily e.g. the transport sector can put in place policies to encourage cycling to work by provision of cycling paths along the way to encourage physical activity. On the part of health dietary eating, food marketing promotions have a big influence on the consumption of energy dense products (Street, Gold and Manning 2013). With voluntary control in advertising of such foods, there is need to regulate their marketing. Food marketing influences foods availability (placing them at the checkout0, prices (special offers), personal state (use of flavors and coloring), information (food advertisings) and cultural values (use of celebrities to advertise these foods). This kind of marketings increase sells of the entire category of foods especially to children that in the long run lead to obesity. Therefore multisectoral approaches have to be put in place to deal with food advertising (Chaudoir, Dugan and Barr 2013). For instance, advertising of food products should not mislead about possible gains of eating a particular product, advertisements should not look down upon parents roles to provide dietary guidance, its should not directly appeal to children as they will persuade parents to buy the products for them, advertisements targeting children should not cause a sense of urgency to consume certain products, and children products should not be advertised adjacent to their programs. Providing information only is ineffective, there is need for actions and that encourages and facilitates chance. Needs of the poorest population sections should be addressed and broader health determinants tackled including demographic and environmental factors social cohesion and exclusion. According to WHO, everyone is a role player in improving physical activities and improving dietary ranging from food manufacturers, retailers, the mass media, farmers, caterers, schools, employers to healthcare professionals. WHO categories these people into target groups; adolescents, children, minority groups, pregnant women and low income people; settings such as health sector, commercial sector workplaces and schools (Mhurchu, Aston and Jebb 2010). The target groups can be referenced using the life course: starting at prenatal and maternal health cutting through pregnancy results, nutrition for infants, pre-school, adolescents, young adults and elderly people. Inside this sequence there is gender, race, social economic groupings, ethnicity and income levels that influence the type of approaches used and the different settings. The use of life course analysis to identify target groups is limited by the reasoning that the outlined interventions should operate directly on target groups with health questions. This choice of target groups can be too narrow to target obesity and health eat ing s it does not consider how to deal with individual behavior; the cultural, environmental and economic influences that need to be transformed in order for the healthy behavior to be adopted easily (Eldredge et al., 2016). On these breath, target groups definition need to be changed to and broadened so as to include providers of health determinants i.e. schools, mass media, commercial food service providers and health services. Decision makers who outline access to health living through distribution, pricing, and marketing should not be left out too. These will also include public leaders e.g. politicians, celebrities company share holders and professional groups. There are three classical health promotion settings; health care services which include clinics, family service professionals, community outreach and specialist clinics; social care facilities and schools for both practical interventions and education; workplace for practical and education interventions (Cancelliere et al., 2011). Community settings fall under this category too; they include those that shape health behavior through businesses like restaurants and buildings, parks and road planners and designers. Health professionals can influence the community and particularly their patients (Egger, Spark and Dovan 2013). Mother baby clinics, community outreach programs, workplace and school nurses have the opportunity to monitor family and individual practices to provide information and advice. Health workers can provide the community with surveillance and demonstrations of good health practices through monitoring school, workplace activities and club cookery programs. Social care f acilities and schools e.g. centers for elderly persons, kindergartens and nurseries present a valuable chance to influence dietary habits of people in one collective setting respectively. Obesity prevention trials invented in preschool nursery and schools play a big role in shaping childs development in early ages and in turn this children influence their families to have good dietary habits (Han, Lawlor and Kimm 2010). Workplaces are the best places to influence adult population to improve to health habits because most of their time is spend here. In addition it also helps breastfeeding women to go back to work if they want to. Community settings present a range of opportunities at local level to influence and improve peoples health; i.e. in residents, women, supermarkets and religious groups. Radios and television may help to broaden community interventions. Commercial sector interventions have not been well spelled out but the sector can influence product choices. Manufacturers and large companies could support interventions of health promotions through changes in their products marketing, production, pricing and labeling of the foods (lobstein et al., 2015). The catering services also play an important role as peoples tendency to eat outside their homes increase. Environmental building to facilitate sports/leisure facilities, walkways and bicycle routes has not been put into much practice focusing on the fact that this could reduce obesity and the resulting cardiovascular disease in populations in their local settings. Therefore in the broadest sense, setting of health promotion are simply any places where there is possibility to influence practices and policies towards health improvement (Thornton, Pearce and Karanagh 2011). Therefore; parliamentary hearings, transport authority stakeholders meeting and corporate meeting of shareholde rs are all examples of health promotion settings. Health, Equity and Action on Sustainability The World Health Organization outlines opportunities that can bring about sustainability and health equity (Durand et al., 2011). The recommendations focus on measuring and understanding the problem of health equity and assessment of the resulting impact action; improve the everyday peoples lives, where they work, grow and age; tackle money, resources and power distribution inequities. Ill health is brought about by a range of causes brought about widely by the environment and economic factors. It all starts with social satisfaction that defines many contemporary societies. There need to be interventions to address the decreasing social satisfaction e.g. through wealth redistribution, decreasing vulnerability to health threatening factors e.g. reducing climate events that are adverse, reducing peoples exposure to conditions that damage their health and strengthening the community to improve resilience e.g. encouraging people to live environmentally sustainable lives, providing effect ive, accessible and equitable healthcare e.g. through basing public health coverage on the model of primary healthcare (Jacobson and Gaze 2011). Environmental sustainability and human health are of great importance, it is however interrelated to climate change. Climate changes are as a result of global warming which affect health directly in a variety of ways (Sallis et al., 2012). There s increased exposure to extreme weather conditions and heat waves to local populations. Greater impacts on water and food supplies which related to environmental degradation have however been forecasted. These include vector borne diseases all of which have an impact on living conditions in coastal areas and cities. Its concern to equity is that the people that suffer the most as a result of these changes are the ones that least contributes to their causes. Therefore these adverse effects will fall disproportionately on middle and low income countries. Therefore efforts that have been placed to miti gate climate change will help in mitigating public health though indirectly. There have been huge rural urban migrations, poor sanitation and housing, pollution unemployment which can be linked to this climate changes and they all result to poor health in the long run (Lu, 2010). An example is the slum conditions in urban areas that result to deteriorated health standards. The substandard housing in slums and poor communities increase their exposure to heat waves, floods, landslides and other extreme weather events. Population growth pause an impact on sustainability and health equity. Economic development has an equally big impact on the same, economic recess and fall of economies lead to increase in poor people and therefore limited access to better facilities and clean environments to live in (Singh, siahpush and Kogan 2010). Conclusion The choice of physical activities and food every single day affect health either positively or negatively. Physical activity and health eating may reduce risk of noncommunicable diseases and lead to a healthy happy life. However the choice of physical activity and type of food is also dependent on many other factors. These factors are economic, social, environmental, technological and individual practices. They all interrelate and affect one another and in the long run peoples eating habits and resulting obesity or healthy life. Different sectors have to coordinate to ensure creation of health promotion environments and consumption of health diet (Schwartz et al., 2011). This will also call for striving to achieve equity in different concerns of a persons life because it is core to achieving health. With the laid down frameworks and individual efforts people can be able to eat healthy and avoid obesity. References Cancelliere, C., Cassidy, J. D., Ammendolia, C., Ct, P. (2011). Are workplace health promotion programs effective at improving presenteeism in workers? A systematic review and best evidence synthesis of the literature. BMC public health, 11(1), 395. Currie, J., DellaVigna, S., Moretti, E., Pathania, V. (2010). The effect of fast food restaurants on obesity and weight gain. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2(3), 32-63. Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., Barr, C. H. (2013). Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures. Implementation Science, 8(1), 22. Department of Health and Human Services 2014, Healthy Choices: policy guidelines for sport and recreation centres, viewed 14 October 2016,https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/getfile/?sc_itemid=%7bF42B7919-1210-4DCF-9232-1DABF55683E%7dtitle=Healthy%20choices%20policy%20guidelines%20for%20sport%20and%20recreation%20centres. Department of Health and Human Services 2015, Healthy Choices: food and drink classification guide, State Government of Victoria, Melbourne.Victorian Durand, C. P., Andalib, M., Dunton, G. F., Wolch, J., Pentz, M. A. (2011). A systematic review of built environment factors related to physical activity and obesity risk: implications for smart growth urban planning. Obesity Reviews, 12(5), e173-e182. Durlak, J. A., DuPre, E. P. (2008). 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(2011). A systematic review of primary healthcare provider education and training using the Chronic Care Model for childhood obesity. Obesity Reviews, 12(5), e244-e256. Jia, H., Lubetkin, E. I. (2010). Trends in quality-adjusted life-years lost contributed by smoking and obesity. American journal of preventive medicine, 38(2), 138-144. Keune, H., Kretsch, C., De Blust, G., Gilbert, M., Flandroy, L., Van Den Berge, K., ... Brosens, D. (2013). Sciencepolicy challenges for biodiversity, public health and urbanization: examples from Belgium. Environmental Research Letters, 8(2), 025015. Kickbusch, I. and Gleicher, D. (2012) Governance forHealth in the 21st Century. World Health Organization, Copenhagen. 428 Editorial Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M. L., Hall, K. D., Gortmaker, S. L., Swinburn, B. A., ... McPherson, K. (2015). Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture. The Lancet, 385(9986), 2510-2520. Lu, Y. (2010). 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Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Sante'e Publique, 244-248. Povlsen, L., Borup, I. K. (2011). Holism in nursing and health promotion: distinct or related perspectives?A literature review. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 25(4), 798-805. Power, T. G., Bindler, R. C., Goetz, S., Daratha, K. B. (2010). Obesity prevention in early adolescence: student, parent, and teacher views. Journal of School Health, 80(1), 13-19. Sallis, J. F., Floyd, M. F., Rodrguez, D. A., Saelens, B. E. (2012). Role of built environments in physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 125(5), 729-737. Schwartz, C., Scholtens, P. A., Lalanne, A., Weenen, H., Nicklaus, S. (2011). Development of healthy eating habits early in life. Review of recent evidence and selected guidelines. Appetite, 57(3), 796-807. Singh, G. K., Siahpush, M., Kogan, M. D. (2010). Neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environments, and childhood obesity. 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Social Work Teenager Deserve

Question: Discuss about The article on Teenagers deserve foster families too, but who will take them on? Answer: The article on Teenagers deserve foster families too, but who will take them on? discusses about the scenario of care provided to the children and young people in UK by the carers of foster families. The article basically evaluates the role and efforts made by fostering families to help the children and young people. The work done by fostering carers involves providing the family life for the children and young people who find it difficult to live with their parents. This service helps in providing temporary care also so that the children or young people as well as the parents can sort out their problems and can come out through the difficult phase of their lives (Tordon 2014). There is an option of returning back to the homes once their issues have been resolved. This is because it is only the parents who can look after them safely. There are certain key points which have been identified from this article. These include the problems related to specifically the placement of teenagers with foster carers with whom they are not able to relate comfortably in terms of their skills and abilities as they themselves are split from their siblings or families. The solution to this problem is not only the recruitment of more foster carers for the teenagers but also the need to develop the required skills and resilience with the help of proper training and support (Green et al. 2014). There is also a need for the development of innovative approaches to foster care as well as the programmes to provide training on increased safety for teenage girls as they are at an increased risk of sexual exploitation. References Green, JM, Biehal, N, Roberts, C, Dixon, J, Kay, C, Parry, E, Rothwell, J, Roby, A, Kapadia, D, Scott, S, Sinclair, I 2014, Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Adolescents in English care: randomised trial and observational cohort evaluation, The British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 204, no. 3, 214-221. Tordon, R 2014, Improving foster childrens school performance, Adoption Fostering, vol. 38, 361-373.