Dbq Ap Euro Peasents Essay - 1358 Words

Broderick Haney AP Euro Period: 1 14 September 2012 The Progressive Peasant Revolution Inhabiting the Holy Roman Empire in the 16th century, the upper class considered peasants a mere subhuman. Conversely, Martin Luther, a German professor of theology, influenced reformation to the German state. This reformation focused on the peasants, especially the peasant revolt of 1524. As the revolution continued, the Peasant Parliament formed to coordinate activates and strive for optimistic results of the revolt. Consequently, peasants offered moderate reforms that were supported by the towns, but condemned by the nobility and the leading Protestant reformer, Martin Luther. This would be known as the largest uprising in Europe before the†¦show more content†¦Lorenz Fries stresses this anger in his report to the Archbishop of Wurzburg, as he describes the wealth’s inability to share their profits and income with the poor (Doc 8). The peasants believe they are entitled to a share of wealth because all are considered to be brothe rs in the public eye of God. Considering Fries’s report is secret, it most likely states his candid opinions (Pov3). Although economic oppression is a crucial factor in pushing the revolt, Protestant influence is responsible for the revolt as well. Protestant ideals also contributed a major role in causing the peasants’ revolts. Leonhard von Eck, the Chancellor Bavaria, understood the key function of Protestant ideas when he reported to Duke Ludwig of Bavaria that â€Å"this rebellion has been undertaken to repress the princes and the nobility and has its ultimate source in Lutheran teaching for the peasants relate a majority of their demands to the Word of God, the Gospel, and brotherly love.†(Doc 1). Von Eck has deciphered that the peasants’ drive to reform is based from the Lutheran religion, which stresses the devotion God’s Law and divine grace. Although Von Eck is a superior government official who has a duty in upholding order and stability, his assessment is insightful (Pov 4). Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers had proclaimed the spiritual freedoms of Christians from the Catholic Church. Peasants’ leaders such as

Market Research Proposal and Positioning Map free essay sample

Arguments to choose this type of survey: * Quick way to get results * Cheap * Easy to analyze * Various options of visual aids (e. g. diagrams, charts) can be done automatically * Best way for high response rate, especially if possibility to win free gift is offered to the respondents who will fill out the questionnaire (e. g. offer them to win X1 Fitness or other sports accessory) Also personal interviews with key decision makers would be very helpful. Arguments to choose this type of survey: Respondents who can offer special insight It will cost a lot less than traditional face-to-face interviews, because a lot less staff will be needed to carry out surveys, when interviewing only few people * There is no need to motivate respondents, because they are interested in generating more sales Research Design Research has to be carried out by sending out online questionnaire (as well as paper version) and interviewing face-to-face key decision makers in the market (managers of leading sport accessory and electronics stores). First method of research would help to identify how the product is perceived by customers, second would help to get some advertisements ideas. Research will be focused on quantitative information, since it is much easier to analyze (especially if there are many respondents). Also there would be some qualitative information involved, mainly to find out about product perception. This project focuses on field research. First of all, paper questionnaires should be sent out to professional athletes, fitness centres and sport equipment/electronics store’s customers to be filled out. At the top of the questionnaire there should be a picture and description of the product. There should be possibility to win a prize mentioned at the top as well, for high response rate. Secondly, links to online questionnaire should be posted to various websites (sport/health/technical related blogs, sport supplies e-shops, electronic devices e-shops, sport/health/technical related groups on Facebook, etc). Problem Statement The research is done to find out about new product perception among current and potential customers, and create advertising strategy adapted to the main target group. Questionnaire Types of questions: 1. Personal information (e. g. How old are you? ; What is your monthly income? ) 2. Sport habits (e. g. How often do you work out? ; Do you use personal trainer services? If no, why? ; 3. Product perception (e. g. Please rate the following features of X1 Fitness on how important they are to you; What do you like most about our new product? open question; What do you like least? open question; Which of the following benefits is more useful to you? ; How interested you were in buying X1 Fitness if it was available to you? ; Other than the product itself, which of the following would most influence you when deciding to buy a new product like this? ; Where do you prefer to buy electronic devices? ; How do you get information about different electronic devices? First group of questions need to be asked to identify target group. It would be easiest to do by identifying age and income. Second group of questions needs to be asked to analyze different exercising habits by different people. Third group of questions is the most important one and has most questions. To create effective advertising strategy it’s vital to understand features and benefits of the product that are appealing for the consumer (both of these are open questions to find out real opinion, not a suggested one), as well as buying influencing factors. Two last questions will give some ideas about distribution and advertising channels. Interviewing face-to-face key decision makers It should be structured and personal interviews with key decision makers in the industry (managers of leading sport accessory and electronics stores). Opportunity to gather data outside customer perspective and get valuable ideas for the advertising is not to be missed. Respondents who work in the industry have special insight. Most probably they will share opinions to generate more profit for both sides. Types of questions to be asked: 1. Product potential (do you sell similar products? what products sell best? ; what does the customers think about different products who have the same feature? ) 2. Advertising suggestions (what advertising/promotion campaigns do you currently run for sport accessories? ; what is the customer response to these campaigns? ; please list few very successful advertising campaigns for sport accessory products – open que stion; advertising suggestion of the X1 Fitness product) Analysis of the results Results have to gathered and analyzed in 2 different groups: fitness centers customers and respondents who filled out online questionnaire and professional athletes. Depending on resources for advertising, 2 different campaigns could be created to target two different groups of potential customers: one for professional athletes and one for sport enthusiasts. If advertising expenses have to be minimal, only one advertising strategy could be created, focused on main target group (similar income rate, age group and sport habits). Either way strategy has to be focused on the most important features and benefits as well as customer likes/dislikes about the product. Face-to-face interviews most probably offer different kind of perspective. It will help to create appealing advertising campaign that really works. Cafe Verona To make useful positioning map a lot of information about the company and competitors is needed. In the project description not too much information is provided and there is very little information on the Internet (websites crucial for attracting tourists, e. g. http://www. goteborg. com, http://www. tripadvisor. com, does not have any information about Cafe Verona). It does not have a website of it’s own nor Facebook page and it doesn’t help to advertise the business. It is more useful to use star diagram instead of typical two axes positioning map. This way more attributes influencing customer decision will be considered, instead only few. To get clear understanding about customer preferences and reasons behind it, market research has to be done, about how important each of these attributes are for the customer. Factors for the market positioning map: Pricing is an important measure for the customer, especially in this economic climate. Expensive and prestigious cafe attract completely different kind of target group than budget cafe. Catering businesses that have similar pricing are the closest competitors. Wide or limited choice of products offered is also very important factor for the customer. If there are only few options on the menu there are less chances customer will find what he likes. Service is one of the key factors when evaluating cafe/restaurant. Friendly and professional staff can make the experience better or worse. It also means a lot for the first impression and gives suggestion about the level of the eatery. Environment makes an impact for the overall impression about the eatery. Good environment is pleasant, relaxing and welcoming, not too noisy or crowded. Serving size is also important factor, especially looking at the reviews of different eateries. Customers are not willing to pay high price for small portions of food, unless it’s fancy famous restaurant serving exceptional quality food. Quality is the overall impression about the eatery. Customers decide about the quality by evaluating how professional the staff is, how comfortable environment is, interior of the eatery, etc. Star positioning map: Criteria for identifying competitors could be eateries (cafes and restaurants) that: * Offer similar products and/or service strategy * Have same target groups * Have similar pricing * Are located in same area Cafes/restaurants that are similar can be compared easier. There have to be not too many attributes by which cafes/restaurants are being compared. If there are a lot, only very small group will be considered as competitors, but there might be much more on the market. Key attributes mentioned above will select similar type of cafe/restaurant which appeals for the same target group.

Cloning Pluses Essays - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Applied Genetics

Cloning Pluses Have you ever imagined what life would be like if we could eliminate human problems? This is the question that arises when the issue of cloning is brought up. Cloning is the process where by organisms, cells, or microorganisms are copied to produce an almost identical genotype. Cloning is beneficial to humanity. It can help solve organ limitations, cure diseases, and take a giant step forward toward immortality. One of the strongest reasons to support that cloning is beneficial to humanity is that there would be a solution to organ limitation. One of the greatest problems in medicine today is that many people need organs for various reasons, which are not available. This creates a lot of unnecessary deaths, and problems for patients. There are not enough organs to supply the need in demand. Currently in America, 2300 of the 40,000 Americans who needed a new heart in 1997 got one. That means that approximately 94% did not receive one. This is just the heart we are talking about. Imagine the staggering number of organs that are needed in the world. For example, in the States, there are 36,00 patients waiting for an organ transplant. Also, about one third of these patients waiting will die because of the lack of available organs. There are a great number of failures with organ donation. The failures can cause serious illness, and possible death. Therefore, cloning human organs is very beneficial to humanity. If we cloned human organs we would be eliminating a major killer to the human race and providing patients worldwide with a healthy cloned organ. If the organ was rejected, we simply make another one to suit the patient. This could be continued until there is match. There would be no waiting lists, less complications, and almost no deaths. Cloning would help us benefit by solving organ donation problems. another great reason to clone humans is that it would cure diseases. Secondly, another persuasive reason that cloning is beneficial to humanity is that it would cure diseases. One of the most important facts in disease is that we do not have the technology to find a cure to the problem. An example would be some defective genes embedded within humans, these genes allow people to become sick when they would otherwise remain healthy. However , if we are able to clone human, we can understand more about these defective genes and replace them. Cancer is one of the major diseases that is killing people around the world. Many drugs were made to try to prevent this deadly disease, but we are unable to find out how cells differentiate into specific kind of tissue, nor to they understand why cancerous cells lose their differentiation. Through cloning we may be able to produce an effective gene therapy to cure this disease. Addition to this fact, the Taysachs Disease is one of the genetic diseases caused by the missing of an enzyme called hexoseaminidase A. Through cloning, we would be able to create this enzyme and save alot of peoples lives. Finally, the most important reason that cloning is beneficial to humanity is that it would enable us take a giant step towards our immortality. Wouldn't it be great if you did not have to worry about setting old or dying? Well with human cloning this is all possible. Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading proponents of human cloning technology, suggests that it is possible to reverse the aging process because of what we learn from cloning. Cloning would help reverse aging by teaching us how to set our age back to 20. This is possible because each time a cell is cloned it is treated as a new cell with the age zero. Therefore, cloning would enable human beings to copy their cells and have the new ones with the age zero implanted into them when they are older. This would make them feel as if they were 20, but they really are 65. This would allow humans to live to an age that they want, and when they are ready they can choose to die, with some exceptions that are unavoidable death. Human cloning would allow us to essentially live forever. Human cloning is beneficial to our existence. It can help solve organ limitations, cure diseases, and take a step toward living forever. Overall the whole issue of cloning is a great idea that has many positive side effects.

Characteristics of Squamates Reptiles

Characteristics of Squamates Reptiles Squamates (Squamata) are the most diverse of all the reptile groups, with approximately 7400 living species. Squamates include lizards, snakes, and worm lizards. Two characteristics that unite the squamates. The first is that they shed their skin periodically. Some squamates, such as snakes, shed their skin in one piece. Other squamates, such as many lizards, shed their skin in patches. In contrast, non-squamate reptiles regenerate their scales by other means- for example, crocodiles shed a single scale at a time while turtles do not shed the scales that cover their carapace and instead add new layers from beneath. The second characteristic shared by squamates is their uniquely jointed skulls and jaws, which are both strong and flexible. The extraordinary jaw mobility of squamates enables them to open their mouths very wide and in doing so, consume large prey. Additionally, the strength of their skull and jaws provides squamates with a powerful bite grip. Squamates first appeared in the fossil record during the mid-Jurassic and probably existed before that time. The fossil record for squamates is rather sparse. Modern squamates arose about 160 million years ago, during the late Jurassic. The earliest lizard fossils are between 185 and 165 million years old. The closest living relatives of the squamates are the tuatara, followed by the crocodiles and birds. Of all living reptiles,  turtles  are the most distant relatives of the squamates. Like crocodilians, squamates are diapsids, a group of reptiles that possess two holes (or temporal fenestra) on each side of their skull. Key Characteristics The key characteristics of squamates  include: most diverse group of reptilesexceptional skull mobility Classification Squamates are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Reptiles Squamates Squamates are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Lizards (Lacertilia): There are more than 4,500 species of lizards alive today, making them the most diverse group of all squamates. Members of this group include iguanas, chameleons, geckos, night lizards, blind lizards, skinks, anguids, beaded lizards and many others.Snakes (Serpentes): There are about 2,900 species of snakes alive today. Members of this group include boas, colubrids, pythons, vipers, blind snakes, mole vipers, and sunbeam snakes. Snakes have no limbs but their legless nature doesnt stop them from being among the worlds most formidable reptilian predators.Worm lizards (Amphisbaenia): There are about 130 species of worm lizards alive today. Members of this group are burrowing reptiles that spend most of their life underground. Worm lizards have sturdy skulls that are well suited for digging tunnels.

Operational Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Operational Auditing - Essay Example An operational audit is a review of any part of an organization's operating procedures and methods for the purpose of evaluating efficiency and effectiveness. At the completion of an operational audit, management normally expects recommendations for improving operations. An example of an operational audit is evaluating the efficiency and accuracy of processing payroll transactions in a newly installed computer system. Another example, where most accountants would feel less qualified, is evaluating the efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction in processing the distribution of letters and packages by a company such as federal express. Because of the many different areas in which operational effectiveness can be evaluated, it is impossible to characterize the conduct of a typical operational audit. In one organization, the auditor might evaluate the relevancy and sufficiency of the information flow in processing sales. In operational auditing, the reviews are not limited to accounting. They can include the evaluation of organization structure, computer operations, production methods, marketing, and any other area in which the auditor qualified.1 The conduct of an operational audit and the reported results are less easily defined than for either of the other two types of audit.effeciency and effectivene... In addition, establishing criteria for evaluating the information in an operational audit is an extremely subjective matter. In this sense, operational auditing is more like management consulting than what is generally regarded as auditing. Operational Auditing is a non-financial audit that involves a systematic process of evaluating an organization's (or part of an organization's) effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of operations under management's control, and reporting to appropriate persons the results of the evaluation along with recommendations for improvement. Operational auditing focuses on management goals, initiatives and strategic plans to generate innovative solutions for the challenges that face the units and their managers. The process verifies the existence and effectiveness of management controls that are meant to ensure that the unit meets its operating objectives. The scope of the audit is expanded beyond the verification of financial controls or compliance with policies. Operational auditing looks for the existence of management controls (such as leadership, employee empowerment, teamwork, risk assessment, information, communication, resource allocation, productivity measurement, etc.) that support the financial controls in attaining goals set by the units. Desired results of operational audits include discovering innovative solutions, promoting creativity and new ideas, and recommending operational improvements. Effectiveness: Before an operational audit for effectiveness can be performed, there must be specific criteria for what is meant by effectiveness. Effectiveness is the degree to which the organization's objectives are accomplished. An example of an

U.S War on Afghanistan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S War on Afghanistan - Term Paper Example Americans truly understand that the question concerning Afghanistan is not about winning the war but whether it leads to national security. The Obama administration should speed up troop withdrawal and turn over combat to the Afghan Army. The Obama administration should speed up troop withdrawal and turn over combat to the Afghan Army. Getting rid of al Qaeda does not need a large scale and long term military presence in Afghanistan for several reasons. First and foremost, we must bear in mind that the military does very well in killing bad people, bombing command centers, destroying enemy troop formations, but not able to find hidden killers. The close cooperation with agencies that enforce foreign law and the scalpel of intelligence sharing has done more in rounding up suspected terrorists as compared to the military force. Whether we choose to stay or withdraw, al Qaeda can capitalize on our choice to remain victorious. If we happen to withdraw, we may appear weak despite the fact that the U.S is responsible for about a half of the military spending in the world. Its power can be projected to the most unreachable places in the word and come up with one of the largest nuclear arsenals globally. The United States of America also seems to be weak if it remains in Afghanistan for a longer period of time. Our military will appear weak, with aimless strategies and irrespective of our efforts; continued military operations will kill more Afghan civilians thus reducing the support we have among the population. Our policy towards Afghanistan has undermined the main U.S. interests in Pakistan. Operations have managed to kill quite a number of high value targets, and this may have gravely degraded al Qaeda’s international capabilities. Unfortunately, our policies are pushing the region’s jihadist insurgency over the boundary into Pakistan. In the year 2007, tribal based groups referred to as the Taliban started emerging in the Pakistan border region in re sponse to frequent Pakistan army incursions. The current U.S. policy is continuously pushing militants into Pakistan cities, thus strengthening the jihadist forces that we are seeking to defeat, therefore, pressing the nuclear armed country into war (Adam 34). Nevertheless, the most terrible thing we can do is concentrate in this region entirely. This is the same thing we did some time back when we funded the mujahedeen, but there were costs for being in the region for a long time. We accomplished very little but gave al Qaeda the chance to push the conflict into Pakistan. America should speed up troop withdrawal; continue with open relations and sharing of intelligence with all countries of the region. It should also deploy Special Forces for operations against particular targets and engage in rigorous surveillance (Schmitt 25). For the last few years, violence in Afghanistan has been dubbed an â€Å"insurgency† which requires the application of a counterinsurgency strategy. This has risen to prominence in the U.S defense force and national security thinking that relies on theology. Counterinsurgency has become common in the present and future wars. It has thus become a new way of war for the Americans. The challenge of counterinsurgency theory and doctrine is that it hinders our ability to apprehend the nature of our predicament in Afghanistan accurately. This theory gives emphasis on the population meeting its needs, developing economies and establishing governmental legitimacy (Cooley 72). According to the theory, most of the population is not sure on whose side they should be on, we should capitalize on this to influence them to choose us. The U.S should withdraw its troops from Afghanistan by using a public timetable. They should negotiate with the government of Afghanistan and other key partners. The U.S public is against the war in Afghanistan thus the war should be brought to an end. Even

Pepsi branding and marketing strategies defined in history Essay Example for Free

Pepsi branding and marketing strategies defined in history Essay In 1893 Caleb Bradham experimented on several soft drink concoctions from his drug store at North Carolina. In 1898 the brand name was first introduced as Brad’s drink but later renamed to Pepsi Cola (Ads history 2007) after the pepsin and cola nuts used in the recipe. Pepsi was first introduced as a fountain drink. It was about 750 microns wide 6 ounces straight sided bottle with paper labels glued to them and a non-descript crown on top. Price was reported to be costing for only a nickel. Advertisement before was done in signage and if you can read the arrow’s text it says: â€Å"look for the trademark† while the bottom label reads, â€Å"healthful and refreshing† (Davidson FSU 2004). In 1903 Caleb sold about 7,968 gallons using the line â€Å"exhilarating invigorating, aids digestion†. This also started his franchising activity to independent investors to about 24 states. In 1905 the logo was first changed then changed again in 1906. The slogan was also changed to the â€Å"original pure food drink† which gives a boost to sales of 38,605 gallons. In 1908 the company was the first to shift from horse drawn carts to motor vehicles mode of delivery. In 1909 Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi as â€Å"a bully drink†¦ refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before the race.† In 1920 the theme was changed to â€Å"drink Pepsi cola, it will satisfy you†. In 1934 Pepsi cola replaced the 6 ounce bottle to 12 ounce bottle at the same price which is still a nickel. The shift was brought about by the high depression which demands for low cost products but high value. The 12 ounce bottle previously priced at ten cents was slashed to five cents which made a hit because it was of same value as the competitive colas of 6 ounce bottles. It was then known as the Pepsi legacy followed by skyrocketed sales giving the company a real good break. In 1939 they pioneered the idea of a comic strip form of advertising in the newspapers introduced and named as Pepsi Pete promoting the product as â€Å"twice as much for a nickel† which deliberately increased consumer awareness in the process. Pepsi cola was remarkably associated nationwide with two policemen that were patterned after the Keystone Kops and became extremely popular. In 1940 their nationwide advertising campaign theme was changed to: â€Å"Pepsi cola hits the spot, 12 full ounces, that’s a lot twice as much for a nickel too! Pepsi cola is the drink for you.† At the same time, they launched the first jingle in the cola world known as â€Å"Nickel, nickel†. The jingle was recorded in fifty five different languages and produced over one million records played coast to coast on radio. It was well adapted by the consumers and those who have heard the jingle. Their jingles appropriately played to the perception and emotional-psychological responses of the consumers for even fifty years later some still remembered. The logo was also changed to a simpler bolder rounded script letters that is really noticeable. Pepsi cola bottles adapted the embossed 12 ounce bottle designed and had the word Pepsi blown and baked into the side of the bottle while the paper labels were replaced as blown labels also. Pepsi cola began to tap the African American niche market and commenced advertising in a Negro newspaper lead by an all black sales team. They also sponsored a nationwide essay contest hiring African Americans professionals in the process. An advertisement specifically aimed for African Americans was modeled by a black mother holding a six packed Pepsi while the son was reaching out to the bottles. In 1941, the crown was changed to red, white, and blue. This was done to support America’s war effort. They wisely set up a Pepsi canteen in Times Square New York. It served to help families’ record messages for overseas armed service personnel. In 1943 the theme twice as much included â€Å"bigger drink, better taste†. In 1947 one of their ad campaigns profiled prominent African Americans using the title â€Å"Leaders in their field†. Using racism as a selling point, their sales shot up dramatically. In 1949 the theme â€Å"why take less when Pepsi’s best† was added. In 1950 the new logo incorporated the bottle cap look. Advertising was done by promoting Pepsi as an experience rather than a bargain. Slogan was changed to â€Å"more bounce to the ounce†. They relied and invested more with advertising that tripled their sales that year. The jingle was then changed to â€Å"have a Pepsi, the light refreshment†. In 1953 Americans became conscious with weight and health that they changed their slogan to â€Å"the light refreshment†. The formula was also changed with a reduced caloric content. In 1954 the slogan â€Å"refreshing without filling† was incorporated to the light refreshment theme. In 1958 Pepsi was known as the kitchen cola as a result of its bargain branch longtime positioning. This time Pepsi targeted the young fashionable consumers. The slogan was changed to â€Å"be sociable, have a Pepsi†. The bottle was then changed to the swirl designed bottle replacing the old straight sided one. Along with it was the introduction of the ballroom dancing. In 1960 the slogan was changed to â€Å"now it’s Pepsi for those who think young†. It defines youth as a psychological state of mind it maintains its appeal for the post war young generation and to all market segments. Some commercials portrayed people going fishing. In 1962 the logo was changed again with serrated bottle caps along with its Pepsi generation ads. In 1963 12 ounce bottles gave way to16 ounce bottles. Pepsi then introduced the 12 ounce Pepsi cans to the military for transport convenience. Their advertising history’s slogan was introduced as â€Å"come alive, you’re in the Pepsi generation† along with their jingle â€Å"come alive† also. Commercials usually portrayed sports and entertainment concept like motorbikes, amusement park and sand sailing. In 1970 Pepsi introduced the first two liter bottles. They were also the first to respond to consumer’s need for light weight recyclable plastic bottles. In 1973 Pepsi changed its logo again. The slogan was also changed to â€Å"join the Pepsi people, feeling free† which is their very own interpretation of one people but with many personalities. In 1975 Pepsi introduced the Pepsi challenge marketing campaign where the results of the blind tasting test between Pepsi cola and its rival Coca cola was made public through television commercials. Participants picked Pepsi as the cola that taste better. As a result Coca cola changed their formula to taste more like Pepsi. The slogan jingle was then â€Å"you’ve got a lot to live, Pepsi got a lot to give†. On that year   the two liter plastishield bottle was introduced. The theme is to promote to live and to give. In 1978 the 12 packed can were introduced to the market. In 1991 Pepsi introduced the first polyethylene terephthalate (PET) along with the changed of its new logo. In 1993 the slogan was changed to â€Å"be young, have fun† modeled by Shaquille O’Neal. In 2001 Britney Spears run her first Pepsi commercial doing her own version of â€Å"The joy of Pepsi†. In 2003 Pepsi cola has a new theme: â€Å"Pepsi it’s the cola.† It portrays popularity in the cola industry that goes from food to fun. Evaluation For decades Pepsi has defined itself as the slogan wizard that can closely associate with the times and changing lifestyle of the consumers. It has first introduced itself as a health drink which was the very reason why it has garnered a big portion of the cola market pie. As it continued to evolve in the market, it has studied its market well, and has well developed themes and slogans or activities that will create consumer awareness. Marketing strategy has always been the challenge of any external environment and how you select your target market, know the needs of your market and penetrate by spending more on advertisements to create consumer awareness. And how Pepsi has penetrated consumers like the Blacks was by spending on advertisements promoting racism to equality and in return enjoyed skyrocketed sales. Tactics will always change along with the evolution of logos, bottle designs, storyboard and jingles. Jingles and music have a very strong psychological effect on the minds of the consumers. It will always be remembered even if fifty years later. Jingles tune and lyrics stays more in the minds of the consumers longer than plain ads signage, commercials, and slogans. As we have noted Pepsi has been very sensitive with what is happening to its world politically and with the needs of its consumers as portrayed by their continuous changed of slogans and jingles. Pepsi has always been portrayed to be part of the life of their target markets. It was never separated in commercials as plain features of the product but rather as something that consumers can greatly identify with themselves. Marketing was a silent warfare among leading competitors. What Pepsi did was to concentrate on specific untapped niche markets and evolved its theme to be able to maintain consumer database. Pepsi had always been keen to combine on product, price, market, and promotion sometimes as far as demographics and selection which always resulted to a captivated market. Pepsi realized that it should focus and play on product innovation and advertising first to promote the brand and not the reverse. Their strong image was the result of directed marketing mix variables. The slogans were always guided by the concept of people and health as it was presented as a health drink in the first stages of its life. When Pepsi developed its campaign Pepsi generation portraying the product as a trendy drink for the young, it has made other cola products looked stodgy. Branding may offer instant product recognition or sort of identification but it was, for always, a result of effective advertising. Pepsi had successfully made the consumers identified themselves with the product by its series of jingles and slogans with just one unchanged brand name but packed with a lot of commercials and ads networking. One thing for sure Pepsi was able to determine its market changing lifestyle, need, and taste and that the product needs to evolve along with the consumer’s trend. So advertising could well focus on the dominating activity of target market in the life cycle of the product. Perception and emotional responses of the consumers were of very important consideration on Pepsi’s approach in the process of creating consumer’s sense of identification with the product. The main thing that Pepsi had done is to link the product with the consumer and not the consumer linking self with the product. As a result they had a handful of loyal customer base. Summary of Pepsi ads and logos Year 1898: Introduction of Pepsi. Packaging: 750 microns wide, 6 ounces straight sided bottle, paper labels glued to them, non-descript crown on top Cost: nickel Theme: Look for the trademark, healthful and refreshing. Branding: Introduced first as Brad’s drink but was later changed to Pepsi cola. Logo: Thin brand name Pepsi cola. Packaging: 6 pack bottle as shown below. Advertising: form of signage, please see image below: Delivery: horse driven cart Year 1903: start of franchising. Theme: Exhilarating, invigorating, aids digestion. Sales: 7,968 gallons Logo: still the same. Year 1905: Logo was first changed. The point is to make the letters bolder from the old thin ones. This is easier to read even at a distance. Delivery: automobile delivery Year 1909: Barney Oldfield Endorsement: Barney oldfield, a racer, endorsed Pepsi. Theme: A bully drink†¦ refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before the race. Advertisements: newspaper ads Year 1920: Theme Theme: Drink Pepsi cola, it will satisfy you Year 1934: Pepsi legacy. Price of product: changed from ten cents to five cents. Packaging: 12 full ounce bottles. Sales: skyrocketed. Year 1939: comic strip Comic strip: Pepsi Pete Advertising: newspapers Effect of advertising: Pepsi cola was associated with the characters. Theme: Twice as much for a nickel Signage: Target market: Advertising targeting African Americans: Year 1940: Jingle break Theme: â€Å"Pepsi-Cola hits the spot Twelve full ounces, that’s a lot Twice as much for a nickel, too Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you.† Jingle: Nickel, nickel Logo: Packaging: bottles are 12 full ounce with embossed Pepsi word and label. Sponsored: Nationwide essay writing using Blacks Year 1941: American war support Crown: changed to red, white, and blue Make: Year 1943: Theme Theme: Bigger drink, better taste Year 1947: Blacks in ads Theme: Leaders in their field Year 1949: Theme Theme: Why take less when Pepsi’s best Year 1950: bottle cap Slogan: More bounce to the ounce (energetic decade) Logo: bottle cap with desc logo Jingle: have a Pepsi, the light refreshment Year 1953: Theme Slogan: The light refreshment Reason: to answer the weight conscious Americans Year 1954: Theme Slogan added: Refreshing without filling Year 1958: Target Target market: young and fashionable Slogan: Be sociable, have a Pepsi Bottle: swirl design Trend: ballroom dancing Year 1960: slogan Slogan: Now it’s Pepsi for those who think young Reason: Be young think young Commercials: soda fountain, fishing Year 1962: logo Logo: logo was changed Caps: serrated bottle caps Year 1963: bottles volume Bottles: shifted from 12 ounce to 16 ounce then to 12 ounce cans Jingle: Come alive Slogan: Come alive, you’re in the Pepsi generation. Reason: Identifies with the consumers and not by the products attributes Commercials: motorbikes, amusement park, sand sailing Year 1970: bottles Bottles: two liters Year 1973: logo Logo was changed Slogan: Join the Pepsi people, feeling free Reason: One people, many personalities Year 1975: Pepsi challenge Commercials: results of the Pepsi challenge was made public in TV Jingle: You’ve got to live Pepsi got a lot to give Bottle: introduction of two liter plastishield bottles Year 1978: Packaging: introduced the 12 packed cans Year 1991: Packaging: PET Logo: changed Year 1993: theme Slogan: Be young have fun Year 2001: theme Slogan: The joy of Pepsi References Ads history highlights (2007). Retrieved November 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Website: http://www.pepsi.com/help/faqs/faq.php?category=ads_and_history page=highlights Davidson, M. W. FSU (2004). The Pepsi generation. Retrieved November 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Website: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/pages/pepsi.html